Create a stateful CBOR reader

[bartonjs]

Create a reader for CBOR (Concise Binary Object Representation), as defined in IETF RFC 7049.

• Initial implementation should be done directly into a test project
• Assume a new, netstandard2.0-based package (hedged bet)
• After the reader and writer are stable and feature complete, schedule an API review
• After API review, and associated changes, split things into ref/src/test with the declared package.

Rough project plan (approximately a PR for each stage, and 3-5 days of work)

• Support reading "unsigned" (positive) integers, negative integers, definite-length byte strings, definite-length text strings, as well as content-agnostic structure (e.g. "what kind of thing is next" and "skip this value").
• Support reading definite length arrays.
• Support reading definite length maps
  • Note that maps are like Dictionary<object, object>... key types are heterogeneous.
• Support reading indefinite-length byte strings and text strings
  • Nesting is not permitted
• Support reading indefinite-length arrays and maps
  • Nesting is permitted, but mean distinct objects.
• Support reading major type 7 (float: half, single, double; boolean: true false; null; undefined; and "not yet defined" values
• Support reading tags, especially with Skip and as map keys.
  • What does the read method return? Where is the reader positioned after reading the tag?
• Support important tagged types
  • The two DateTimeOffset types
  • Maybe the two BigInteger types
  • The "Self-describing" type
• Add support for reader "conformance levels" / "canonicalization modes"
  • To start: lax, IETF RFC 7049 section 3.9, and CTAP2 canonical CBOR encoding form (https://fidoalliance.org/specs/fido-v2.0-ps-20190130/fido-client-to-authenticator-protocol-v2.0-ps-20190130.pdf, section 6)

The reader is needed before the writer, so writing/testing the writer should not hold up a functioning reader.

[eiriktsarpalis]

Closing this issue as the implementation aspect of this work is done.