Implement `~` pattern matching operator

[alamb]

Is your feature request related to a problem or challenge? Please describe what you are trying to do.
DataFusion supports the LIKE operator which has a limited form of regular expression matching
It also supports regexp_match which adds support to extract matched strings (kudos to @seddonm1 !)
However, it doesn't expose any way to do full on posix style regular expression matching, such as ~ as described in the postgres manual: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.3/functions-matching.html

Describe the solution you'd like
Support syntax such as the following:

select * from foo where column ~ 'a.*b';

Describe alternatives you've considered
N/A

Additional context
@atingchen asked about this downstream in IOx: https://github.com/influxdata/influxdb_iox/issues/2137

[b41sh]

I'd like to work on this issue.

[alamb]

That is awesome @b41sh -- thank you!