[Packaging][Python] Build and test against Pyodide 0.28 (`pyodide_2025_0` ABI)

[agriyakhetarpal]

Describe the enhancement requested

Hi! We've released Pyodide 0.28 recently (blog post, CHANGELOG), which brings forth a new pyodide_2025_0 ABI.

PyArrow in Pyodide 0.28 was disabled for users because it has not been built against this new ABI.

Previously, we issued a rebuild of PyArrow at https://github.com/pyodide/pyodide-numpy-2.0-rebuilds/releases/tag/v1.0.0 for Pyodide 0.27 earlier this year after gh-45072.

There is a build against the Pyodide 0.28.0dev0 ABI at https://github.com/joemarshall/pyarrow-pyodide/releases/tag/0.28.0.dev0, but the ABI was broken again since then and we would require a build against Pyodide 0.28.0a3 at least (which is when the pyodide_2025_0 ABI was stabilised) or, better, Pyodide 0.28.1.

cc: @hoodmane @ryanking13 @joemarshall

This issue has two parts, either of which may be completed without the other, but both would be nice to resolve simultaneously so that the build is well-tested:

• Build and test against Pyodide 0.28 (I'll put up a PR for this; edit: GH-47329: [Packaging][Python][C++] Build and test PyArrow against the pyodide_2025_0 ABI #47330)
• Issue a GitHub release with the new ABI, either via Request to update Pyodide build toolchain version joemarshall/pyarrow-pyodide#5, or via another repository in the Pyodide organisation

xref: pyodide/pyodide-recipes#99, marimo-team/marimo#5995 (comment), gh-34996

Component(s)

Packaging, Python