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perf(core/vm): optimize push2 opcode #31267#2311

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gzliudan wants to merge 1 commit intoXinFinOrg:dev-upgradefrom
gzliudan:push2-optimization
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perf(core/vm): optimize push2 opcode #31267#2311
gzliudan wants to merge 1 commit intoXinFinOrg:dev-upgradefrom
gzliudan:push2-optimization

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Proposed changes

We have a handwritten encoder for PUSH1 already, this PR adds one for PUSH2.

PUSH2 is the second most used opcode as shown here: https://gist.github.com/shemnon/fb9b292a103abb02d98d64df6fbd35c8 since it is used by solidity quite significantly. Its used ~20 times as much as PUSH20 and PUSH32.

Ref: ethereum#31267

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  • docs: Documentation only changes
  • feat: A new feature
  • fix: A bug fix
  • perf: A code change that improves performance
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  • This PR has sufficient test coverage (unit/integration test) OR I have provided reason in the PR description for not having test coverage
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  • Tested the backwards compatibility.
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  • Relevant documentation has been updated as part of this PR
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Copilot AI review requested due to automatic review settings April 16, 2026 09:02
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We have a handwritten encoder for PUSH1 already, this PR adds one for PUSH2.

PUSH2 is the second most used opcode as shown here:
https://gist.github.com/shemnon/fb9b292a103abb02d98d64df6fbd35c8 since
it is used by solidity quite significantly. Its used ~20 times as much
as PUSH20 and PUSH32.
@gzliudan gzliudan force-pushed the push2-optimization branch from a647d7b to 83f7978 Compare April 16, 2026 09:05
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Pull request overview

Adds a specialized, handwritten encoder for the EVM PUSH2 opcode to improve VM execution performance, similar to the existing PUSH1 fast path.

Changes:

  • Switches PUSH2 execution in the Frontier jump table from the generic makePush(2, 2) implementation to a dedicated opPush2.
  • Introduces opPush2 implementation in core/vm/instructions.go intended to reduce overhead vs the generic push path.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 2 out of 2 changed files in this pull request and generated 2 comments.

File Description
core/vm/jump_table.go Routes PUSH2 to the new specialized opPush2 implementation.
core/vm/instructions.go Adds the new opPush2 opcode implementation.

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Comment thread core/vm/instructions.go
}

// opPush2 is a specialized version of pushN
func opPush2(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
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opPush2 does not match the executionFunc type used by the jump table (func(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, callContext *ScopeContext)). It currently takes *EVMInterpreter as the second parameter, so assigning it to operation.execute will not compile. Update opPush2 to use the *EVM signature (similar to opPush1) so it can be referenced from the jump table.

Suggested change
func opPush2(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
func opPush2(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {

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Comment thread core/vm/jump_table.go
},
PUSH2: {
execute: makePush(2, 2),
execute: opPush2,
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execute expects an executionFunc (func(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, callContext *ScopeContext)), but opPush2 currently has a different signature. This change will break compilation unless opPush2 is updated to match executionFunc (or you revert to makePush(2, 2)).

Suggested change
execute: opPush2,
execute: makePush(2, 2),

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6 participants