Added validate sudoku board function

[dbring]

Describe your change:

• Add an algorithm?
• Fix a bug or typo in an existing algorithm?
• Documentation change?

Checklist:

• I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized.
• I know that pull requests will not be merged if they fail the automated tests.
• This PR only changes one algorithm file. To ease review, please open separate PRs for separate algorithms.
• All new Python files are placed inside an existing directory.
• All filenames are in all lowercase characters with no spaces or dashes.
• All functions and variable names follow Python naming conventions.
• All function parameters and return values are annotated with Python type hints.
• All functions have doctests that pass the automated testing.
• All new algorithms include at least one URL that points to Wikipedia or another similar explanation.
• If this pull request resolves one or more open issues then the description above includes the issue number(s) with a closing keyword: "Fixes #ISSUE-NUMBER".

[cclauss]

I think we already have this well covered.

https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Python/blob/master/backtracking/sudoku.py

https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Python/pulls?q=is%3Apr+sudoku

[cclauss]

mypy.....................................................................Failed
- hook id: mypy
- exit code: 1

matrix/validate_sudoku_board.py:77: error: Need type annotation for "row_values"  [var-annotated]
matrix/validate_sudoku_board.py:78: error: Need type annotation for "col_values"  [var-annotated]
matrix/validate_sudoku_board.py:79: error: Need type annotation for "box_values"  [var-annotated]
matrix/validate_sudoku_board.py:81: error: Incompatible types in assignment (expression has type "int", variable has type "list[str]")  [assignment]
matrix/validate_sudoku_board.py:83: error: No overload variant of "__getitem__" of "list" matches argument type "list[str]"  [call-overload]
matrix/validate_sudoku_board.py:83: note: Possible overload variants:
matrix/validate_sudoku_board.py:83: note:     def __getitem__(self, SupportsIndex, /) -> list[str]
matrix/validate_sudoku_board.py:83: note:     def __getitem__(self, slice, /) -> list[list[str]]
matrix/validate_sudoku_board.py:88: error: Unsupported operand types for // ("list[str]" and "int")  [operator]
Found 6 errors in 1 file (checked 1211 source files)

[dbring]

I think we already have this well covered.

https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Python/blob/master/backtracking/sudoku.py

https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Python/pulls?q=is%3Apr+sudoku

Yeah, I saw this but I think validating a sudoku board is a materially different task than solving it. Happy to close this if you feel otherwise.

[cclauss]

You have two different files in this pull request.

[cclauss]

Old but nice ideas!! http://norvig.com/sudoku.html

[dbring]

@cclauss was there anything else you wanted me to amend?

[cclauss]

Let's use NUM_SQUARES instead of NUM_ROWS and NUM_ROWS.
Lets True and False in a boolean function.

Suggested change

	NUM_ROWS = 9
	NUM_COLS = 9
	EMPTY_CELL = "."
	IS_VALID = True
	NUM_SQUARES = 9
	EMPTY_CELL = "."

[cclauss]

Suggested change

	if len(sudoku_board) != NUM_ROWS:
	raise Exception("Number of rows must be 9.")
	for row in sudoku_board:
	if len(row) != NUM_COLS:
	raise Exception("Number of columns must be 9.")
	if len(sudoku_board) != NUM_SQUARES or any(
	len(row) != NUM_SQUARES for row in sudoku_board
	):
	raise ValueError(f"Sudoku boards must be {NUM_SQUARES}x{NUM_SQUARES} squares.")