adding the remove digit algorithm

[meg-1]

Describe your change:

this algorithm returns the biggest possible result that can be achieved by removing one digit from the given number.

• Add an algorithm?
• Fix a bug or typo in an existing algorithm?
• Documentation change?

Checklist:

• I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized.
• I know that pull requests will not be merged if they fail the automated tests.
• This PR only changes one algorithm file. To ease review, please open separate PRs for separate algorithms.
• All new Python files are placed inside an existing directory.
• All filenames are in all lowercase characters with no spaces or dashes.
• All functions and variable names follow Python naming conventions.
• All function parameters and return values are annotated with Python type hints.
• All functions have doctests that pass the automated testing.
• All new algorithms have a URL in its comments that points to Wikipedia or other similar explanation.
• If this pull request resolves one or more open issues then the commit message contains Fixes: #{$ISSUE_NO}.

[CaedenPH]

@cclauss Looks good -
Small changes

• list comp to generator
• type to isinstance

[algorithms-keeper]

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🔗 Relevant Links

Repository:

• Contributing guidelines
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Python:

• Formatted string literals (f-strings)
• Type hints
• doctest
• unittest
• pytest

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[meg-1]

@CaedenPH @cclauss , just fixed the errors in this algorithm! it's ready for a merge :)

[meg-1]

credits to @CaedenPH and @alexpantyukhin for the feedback from #7995 ! just implemented it :)