Unify primality checking

[ngiachou]

Describe your change:

I refactored some functions in order to fix #5434. More specifically,

1. I changed the name of some function in order to agree with naming conventions.
2. I changed the implementation of a primality checking function in order to have a O(sqrt(n)) time complexity algorithm.

There are some more functions that are related to primality checking namely the lucas_lehmer_primality_test.py and miller_rabin.py but I did not change these since they are specific algorithms.

I have searched for every mention of the word prime in all of the files and except from the project_euler I think that there are no other mentions on the primality testing subject.

• Add an algorithm?
• Fix a bug or typo in an existing algorithm?
• Documentation change?

Checklist:

• I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized.
• I know that pull requests will not be merged if they fail the automated tests.
• This PR only changes one algorithm file. To ease review, please open separate PRs for separate algorithms.
• All new Python files are placed inside an existing directory.
• All filenames are in all lowercase characters with no spaces or dashes.
• All functions and variable names follow Python naming conventions.
• All function parameters and return values are annotated with Python type hints.
• All functions have doctests that pass the automated testing.
• All new algorithms have a URL in its comments that points to Wikipedia or other similar explanation.
• If this pull request resolves one or more open issues then the commit message contains Fixes: #{$ISSUE_NO}.

[ngiachou]

I think I have done something wrong with my commit history... Is there a way of fixing this?

[ngiachou]

I think I have done something wrong with my commit history... Is there a way of fixing this?

Nevermind, fixed it!

[poyea]

Thank you for your pull request!🤩

[poyea]

It would be great if we can check against also the project_euler files. Let's merge this and have the updates in #5434