diff --git a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/eii.rs b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/eii.rs
index 68d5278c85ef1..124d2cac24b10 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/eii.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/eii.rs
@@ -203,6 +203,13 @@ fn split_attrs(
                 foreign_item_attributes.push(attr.clone());
                 macro_attributes.push(attr);
             }
+            // `#[track_caller]` goes on the foreign item only: it's the symbol callers link
+            // against, so it must carry the flag for call sites to pass the caller location.
+            // Implementations derive it during codegen (see `EiiImpls` in `codegen_attrs.rs`),
+            // so it must not be routed onto the default impl here.
+            Some(sym::track_caller) => {
+                foreign_item_attributes.push(attr);
+            }
             // Doc attributes should be forwarded to the macro and the foreign item, since those are
             // the two items you interact with as a user.
             // FIXME: idk yet how EIIs show up in docs, might want to customize
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/codegen_attrs.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/codegen_attrs.rs
index 4d271447746c1..bc5cb515db34e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/codegen_attrs.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/codegen_attrs.rs
@@ -264,6 +264,18 @@ fn process_builtin_attrs(
                         Visibility::Default,
                     ));
                     codegen_fn_attrs.flags |= CodegenFnAttrFlags::EXTERNALLY_IMPLEMENTABLE_ITEM;
+
+                    // If the declaration is `#[track_caller]`, derive it onto the implementation
+                    // too. The shim that forwards to this impl (see `add_function_aliases`) takes
+                    // its ABI from the impl's `fn_abi`, so every impl must agree on whether the
+                    // caller-location argument is present, otherwise it would be silently dropped.
+                    if tcx
+                        .codegen_fn_attrs(foreign_item)
+                        .flags
+                        .contains(CodegenFnAttrFlags::TRACK_CALLER)
+                    {
+                        codegen_fn_attrs.flags |= CodegenFnAttrFlags::TRACK_CALLER;
+                    }
                 }
             }
             AttributeKind::ThreadLocal => {
diff --git a/tests/ui/eii/linking/auxiliary/track_caller_cross_other_crate.rs b/tests/ui/eii/linking/auxiliary/track_caller_cross_other_crate.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..5a9c1aa2ac937
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/eii/linking/auxiliary/track_caller_cross_other_crate.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//@ no-prefer-dynamic
+#![crate_type = "rlib"]
+#![feature(extern_item_impls)]
+
+#[track_caller]
+#[eii(tcross)]
+pub fn tcross(x: u64);
diff --git a/tests/ui/eii/linking/track_caller_cross_crate.rs b/tests/ui/eii/linking/track_caller_cross_crate.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..2e16ec7b9fb23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/eii/linking/track_caller_cross_crate.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+//@ run-pass
+//@ check-run-results
+//@ aux-build: track_caller_cross_other_crate.rs
+//@ compile-flags: -O
+//@ ignore-backends: gcc
+//@ ignore-windows
+// Tests that `#[track_caller]` on an EII declaration in one crate is derived
+// onto an explicit implementation in another crate.
+
+extern crate track_caller_cross_other_crate as decl;
+
+use std::panic::Location;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU32, Ordering};
+
+static LAST_LINE: AtomicU32 = AtomicU32::new(0);
+
+#[decl::tcross]
+fn my_impl(x: u64) {
+    LAST_LINE.store(Location::caller().line(), Ordering::SeqCst);
+    println!("impl {x}");
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    my_impl(1);
+    assert_eq!(LAST_LINE.load(Ordering::SeqCst), line!() - 1);
+
+    decl::tcross(2);
+    assert_eq!(LAST_LINE.load(Ordering::SeqCst), line!() - 1);
+}
diff --git a/tests/ui/eii/linking/track_caller_cross_crate.run.stdout b/tests/ui/eii/linking/track_caller_cross_crate.run.stdout
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..38834e7a16bd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/eii/linking/track_caller_cross_crate.run.stdout
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+impl 1
+impl 2
diff --git a/tests/ui/eii/track_caller.rs b/tests/ui/eii/track_caller.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..62f48467839af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/eii/track_caller.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+//@ run-pass
+//@ ignore-backends: gcc
+//@ ignore-windows
+// Tests that `#[track_caller]` on an EII declaration is threaded through both
+// the default impl (no override) and an explicit override (which does not
+// repeat `#[track_caller]` — it is derived during codegen so the shim ABI matches).
+
+#![feature(extern_item_impls)]
+
+use std::panic::Location;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU32, Ordering};
+
+static LAST_LINE: AtomicU32 = AtomicU32::new(0);
+
+#[track_caller]
+#[eii]
+fn decl_default(_x: u64) {
+    LAST_LINE.store(Location::caller().line(), Ordering::SeqCst);
+}
+
+#[track_caller]
+#[eii]
+fn decl_override(_x: u64);
+
+#[decl_override]
+fn explicit_override(_x: u64) {
+    LAST_LINE.store(Location::caller().line(), Ordering::SeqCst);
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    decl_default(1);
+    assert_eq!(LAST_LINE.load(Ordering::SeqCst), line!() - 1);
+
+    decl_override(2);
+    assert_eq!(LAST_LINE.load(Ordering::SeqCst), line!() - 1);
+}
diff --git a/tests/ui/eii/track_caller_errors.rs b/tests/ui/eii/track_caller_errors.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..53b55f5b4eaef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/eii/track_caller_errors.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// `#[track_caller]` is derived onto EII implementations during codegen, so
+// implementations must not repeat it manually.
+#![feature(extern_item_impls)]
+
+#[eii]
+fn decl1(x: u64) {
+    println!("default {x}");
+}
+
+#[track_caller] //~ ERROR `#[decl1]` is not allowed to have `#[track_caller]`
+#[decl1]
+fn impl1(x: u64) {
+    println!("explicit {x}");
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    decl1(4);
+}
diff --git a/tests/ui/eii/track_caller_errors.stderr b/tests/ui/eii/track_caller_errors.stderr
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..e096146b67830
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/eii/track_caller_errors.stderr
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+error: `#[decl1]` is not allowed to have `#[track_caller]`
+  --> $DIR/track_caller_errors.rs:10:1
+   |
+LL | #[track_caller]
+   | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+LL | #[decl1]
+LL | fn impl1(x: u64) {
+   | ---------------- `#[decl1]` is not allowed to have `#[track_caller]`
+
+error: aborting due to 1 previous error
+
diff --git a/tests/ui/eii/track_caller_static_errors.rs b/tests/ui/eii/track_caller_static_errors.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..8bd12de5ad8c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/eii/track_caller_static_errors.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//@ ignore-apple
+// `#[track_caller]` is only valid on functions, not on EII (foreign) statics.
+#![feature(extern_item_impls)]
+
+#[track_caller] //~ ERROR `#[track_caller]` attribute cannot be used on foreign statics
+#[eii(sfoo)]
+static FOO: u64 = 42;
+
+fn main() {
+    println!("{FOO}");
+}
diff --git a/tests/ui/eii/track_caller_static_errors.stderr b/tests/ui/eii/track_caller_static_errors.stderr
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..6b85ace2b0409
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/eii/track_caller_static_errors.stderr
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+error: `#[track_caller]` attribute cannot be used on foreign statics
+  --> $DIR/track_caller_static_errors.rs:5:1
+   |
+LL | #[track_caller]
+   | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+   |
+   = help: `#[track_caller]` can only be applied to functions
+
+error: aborting due to 1 previous error
+