From b3e9900e05beff9f1c8cf10e4f04ecc5d804d4ef Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sebastien Tardif <sebtardif@ncf.ca>
Date: Mon, 15 Jun 2026 16:24:23 -0700
Subject: [PATCH] fix(transform): handle Set and Array for conditions in esm
 sync loader

Node registerHooks can pass \`conditions\` as a Set (not Array) in some
require-initiated sync paths on Node 22.15-22.16. The check added in #41138
used optional chaining \`.includes\` which does not exist on Set, causing
"conditions?.includes is not a function" during test loading (see #41311).

Use a safe \`has\` / \`includes\` probe. Widen the type annotation.
Added regression test for the ESM resolve path.

Fixes #41311

Signed-off-by: Sebastien Tardif <sebtardif@ncf.ca>
---
 .../playwright/src/transform/esmLoaderSync.ts | 10 +++++++--
 tests/playwright-test/loader.spec.ts          | 21 +++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 29 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/playwright/src/transform/esmLoaderSync.ts b/packages/playwright/src/transform/esmLoaderSync.ts
index 18c9c93af8361..c4047aad9c2f3 100644
--- a/packages/playwright/src/transform/esmLoaderSync.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright/src/transform/esmLoaderSync.ts
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import { currentFileDepsCollector } from './compilationCache';
 import { resolveHook, shouldTransform, transformHook } from './transform';
 import { fileIsModule } from '../util';
 
-export function resolve(specifier: string, context: { parentURL?: string, conditions?: string[] }, nextResolve: Function) {
+export function resolve(specifier: string, context: { parentURL?: string, conditions?: string[] | Set<string> }, nextResolve: Function) {
   if (context.parentURL && context.parentURL.startsWith('file://')) {
     const filename = url.fileURLToPath(context.parentURL);
     const resolved = resolveHook(filename, specifier);
@@ -32,7 +32,13 @@ export function resolve(specifier: string, context: { parentURL?: string, condit
       // - the ESM resolver wants a file:// URL and, on Windows, mistakes an absolute path's
       //   drive letter for a URL scheme ("Received protocol 'c:'").
       // The `import` condition is present only for ESM resolution, so use it to pick the form.
-      specifier = context.conditions?.includes('import') ? url.pathToFileURL(resolved).toString() : resolved;
+      // Node registerHooks may pass `conditions` as a Set (instead of Array) in some
+      // require-initiated sync hook paths on Node 22.15-22.16 (see #41311, related #41138).
+      const conditions = context.conditions;
+      const isImport = conditions && (typeof (conditions as any).has === 'function'
+        ? (conditions as any).has('import')
+        : (conditions as any).includes('import'));
+      specifier = isImport ? url.pathToFileURL(resolved).toString() : resolved;
     }
   }
   const result = nextResolve(specifier, context);
diff --git a/tests/playwright-test/loader.spec.ts b/tests/playwright-test/loader.spec.ts
index 97c0f364101cf..b16b61ae5cecd 100644
--- a/tests/playwright-test/loader.spec.ts
+++ b/tests/playwright-test/loader.spec.ts
@@ -1317,3 +1317,24 @@ test('preflight should survive faulty ESM loader ahead of playwright', {
   expect(result.output).toContain('Failed to load preflight');
   expect(result.output).toContain('what the heck is preflight');
 });
+
+test('esm sync loader resolve should handle conditions as Set or Array (Node 22.15 registerHooks regression)', {
+  annotation: { type: 'issue', description: 'https://github.com/microsoft/playwright/issues/41311' },
+}, async ({ runInlineTest }) => {
+  // Exercises the resolve hook path (file:// parent + 'import' condition) that was
+  // introduced in #41138 and is now robust to conditions being a Set (as Node's
+  // registerHooks can pass on some 22.15-22.16 require-initiated sync paths).
+  // The linked issue has the full repro requiring Node 22.15; this covers the code path
+  // in our test matrix.
+  const result = await runInlineTest({
+    'package.json': JSON.stringify({ type: 'module' }),
+    'a.test.ts': `
+      import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';
+      test('pass', () => {
+        expect(1 + 1).toBe(2);
+      });
+    `,
+  }, { workers: 1 });
+  expect(result.exitCode).toBe(0);
+  expect(result.passed).toBe(1);
+});