diff --git a/src/it/sources-targetPath/outside-target/README.md b/src/it/sources-targetPath/outside-target/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..47afc41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/it/sources-targetPath/outside-target/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<!---
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+The purpose of this file is to verify that the directory specified by `<targetPath>` is deleted.
+This verification requires a directory outside the `target` directory, otherwise its deletion could
+not be distinguished from the usual deletion of `${maven.build.directory}`.
diff --git a/src/it/sources-targetPath/pom.xml b/src/it/sources-targetPath/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ef54a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/it/sources-targetPath/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+distributed with this work for additional information
+regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+"License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+"AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+specific language governing permissions and limitations
+under the License.
+-->
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.1.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.1.0.xsd">
+  <modelVersion>4.1.0</modelVersion>
+
+  <groupId>test</groupId>
+  <artifactId>sources-targetPath</artifactId>
+  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+
+  <name>Test &lt;targetPath&gt; cleaning</name>
+  <description>Check for proper cleaning of output files in directories specified by &lt;targetPath&gt;.</description>
+
+  <build>
+    <plugins>
+      <plugin>
+        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+        <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
+        <version>@pom.version@</version>
+      </plugin>
+    </plugins>
+
+    <sources>
+      <source>
+        <targetPath>${project.basedir}/outside-target</targetPath>
+      </source>
+    </sources>
+  </build>
+
+</project>
diff --git a/src/it/sources-targetPath/setup.bsh b/src/it/sources-targetPath/setup.bsh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a9fc136
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/it/sources-targetPath/setup.bsh
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+import java.io.File;
+
+return new File(basedir, "target").exists() && new File(basedir, "outside-target").exists();
+// The opposite condition is tested in "verify.bsh".
diff --git a/src/it/sources-targetPath/target/test-classes/README.md b/src/it/sources-targetPath/target/test-classes/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b4a9af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/it/sources-targetPath/target/test-classes/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<!---
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+The purpose of this file is to verify that the directory
+specified by `<testOutputDirectory>` is still deleted.
diff --git a/src/it/sources-targetPath/verify.bsh b/src/it/sources-targetPath/verify.bsh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5022ea2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/it/sources-targetPath/verify.bsh
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+import java.io.File;
+
+return !(new File(basedir, "target").exists() || new File(basedir, "outside-target").exists());
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/maven/plugins/clean/CleanMojo.java b/src/main/java/org/apache/maven/plugins/clean/CleanMojo.java
index dc531d8..090e804 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/maven/plugins/clean/CleanMojo.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/maven/plugins/clean/CleanMojo.java
@@ -20,13 +20,21 @@
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
 
+import org.apache.maven.api.Project;
+import org.apache.maven.api.ProjectScope;
 import org.apache.maven.api.Session;
 import org.apache.maven.api.di.Inject;
+import org.apache.maven.api.model.Build;
 import org.apache.maven.api.plugin.Log;
 import org.apache.maven.api.plugin.MojoException;
 import org.apache.maven.api.plugin.annotations.Mojo;
 import org.apache.maven.api.plugin.annotations.Parameter;
+import org.apache.maven.api.services.ProjectManager;
 
 /**
  * Goal which cleans the build.
@@ -52,35 +60,32 @@ public class CleanMojo implements org.apache.maven.api.plugin.Mojo {
 
     public static final String FAST_MODE_DEFER = "defer";
 
+    /**
+     * The logger where to send information about what the plugin is doing.
+     */
     @Inject
     private Log logger;
 
     /**
-     * This is where build results go.
+     * The directory where build results went.
      */
     @Parameter(defaultValue = "${project.build.directory}", readonly = true, required = true)
     private Path directory;
 
     /**
-     * This is where compiled classes go.
+     * The directory where compiled main classes went. This is usually a sub-directory
+     * of {@link #directory}, but could be configured by the user to another location.
      */
     @Parameter(defaultValue = "${project.build.outputDirectory}", readonly = true, required = true)
     private Path outputDirectory;
 
     /**
-     * This is where compiled test classes go.
+     * The directory where compiled test classes went. This is usually a sub-directory
+     * of {@link #directory}, but could be configured by the user to another location.
      */
     @Parameter(defaultValue = "${project.build.testOutputDirectory}", readonly = true, required = true)
     private Path testOutputDirectory;
 
-    /**
-     * This is where the site plugin generates its pages.
-     *
-     * @since 2.1.1
-     */
-    @Parameter(defaultValue = "${project.build.outputDirectory}", readonly = true, required = true)
-    private Path reportDirectory;
-
     /**
      * Sets whether the plugin runs in verbose mode. As of plugin version 2.3, the default value is derived from Maven's
      * global debug flag (compare command line switch {@code -X}).
@@ -218,15 +223,34 @@ public class CleanMojo implements org.apache.maven.api.plugin.Mojo {
     @Parameter(property = "maven.clean.fastMode", defaultValue = FAST_MODE_BACKGROUND)
     private String fastMode;
 
+    /**
+     * The current session. May be null during some tests.
+     */
     @Inject
     private Session session;
 
     /**
-     * Deletes file-sets in the following project build directory order: (source) directory, output directory, test
-     * directory, report directory, and then the additional file-sets.
+     * The current project instance.
+     */
+    @Inject
+    private Project project;
+
+    /**
+     * Deletes build directories and file-sets.
+     * Directories are deleted in the following order:
      *
-     * @throws MojoException When a directory failed to get deleted.
-     * @see org.apache.maven.api.plugin.Mojo#execute()
+     * <ol>
+     *   <li>Build directory ({@code ${project.build.directory}})</li>
+     *   <li>Main classes directory ({@code ${project.build.outputDirectory}})</li>
+     *   <li>Test classes directory ({@code ${project.build.testOutputDirectory}})</li>
+     *   <li>Directories specified in the {@code <targetPath>} child of {@code <source>} elements</li>
+     *   <li>Additional file-sets</li>
+     * </ol>
+     *
+     * Redundant directories are omitted. For example, the main classes directory will be skipped
+     * in the usual case where it is a sub-directory of the build directory.
+     *
+     * @throws MojoException if a directory cannot be deleted
      */
     @Override
     public void execute() {
@@ -263,9 +287,7 @@ public void execute() {
                 session, logger, isVerbose(), fastDir, fastMode, followSymLinks, force, failOnError, retryOnError);
         try {
             for (Path directoryItem : getDirectories()) {
-                if (directoryItem != null) {
-                    cleaner.delete(directoryItem);
-                }
+                cleaner.delete(directoryItem);
             }
             if (filesets != null) {
                 for (Fileset fileset : filesets) {
@@ -290,16 +312,53 @@ private boolean isVerbose() {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Gets the directories to clean (if any). The returned array may contain null entries.
-     *
-     * @return The directories to clean or an empty array if none, never {@code null}.
+     * {@return the default directories to clean, or an empty list if none}
+     * The list includes the directories specified in both the Maven 3 and Maven 4 ways.
+     * Null items and redundant directories (children of other items) are omitted.
      */
-    private Path[] getDirectories() {
-        Path[] directories;
+    private List<Path> getDirectories() {
         if (excludeDefaultDirectories) {
-            directories = new Path[0];
-        } else {
-            directories = new Path[] {directory, outputDirectory, testOutputDirectory, reportDirectory};
+            return List.of();
+        }
+
+        // Directories declared in the Maven 3 way.
+        var directories = new ArrayList<Path>(Arrays.asList(directory, outputDirectory, testOutputDirectory));
+
+        // Directories declared in the Maven 4 way, with <source> elements.
+        if (project != null && session != null) {
+            ProjectManager projectManager = session.getService(ProjectManager.class);
+            if (projectManager != null) {
+                final Build build = project.getBuild();
+                projectManager.getSourceRoots(project).forEach((source) -> {
+                    source.targetPath().ifPresent((targetPath) -> {
+                        // TODO: we can replace by `Project.getOutputDirectory(scope)` if MVN-11322 is merged.
+                        String base;
+                        ProjectScope scope = source.scope();
+                        if (scope == ProjectScope.MAIN) {
+                            base = build.getOutputDirectory();
+                        } else if (scope == ProjectScope.TEST) {
+                            base = build.getTestOutputDirectory();
+                        } else {
+                            base = build.getDirectory();
+                        }
+                        Path dir = project.getBasedir().resolve(base);
+                        directories.add(dir.resolve(targetPath));
+                    });
+                });
+            }
+        }
+        /*
+         * Remove children of included parents. In the common case where the first element in the list is
+         * the parent of all other directories, these loops will do only one iteration over all elements.
+         */
+        directories.removeIf(Objects::isNull);
+        for (int i = 0; i < directories.size(); i++) {
+            final Path prefix = directories.get(i);
+            for (int j = directories.size(); --j >= 0; ) {
+                if (j != i && directories.get(j).startsWith(prefix)) {
+                    directories.remove(j); // Keep only the base directories.
+                }
+            }
         }
         return directories;
     }
